![]() Intense acoustic fields 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, arc stirring 28 and oscillations 29, electromagnetic effects during a pulsed plasma arc 30, 31 and other methods 32 have been considered. In this case, external fields significantly affect the solidification process. ![]() The situation changes drastically if the volume of the liquid phase is small. However, exerting external fields on large volumes of melt do not result in desired microstructure of the material. ![]() ultrasonic), in order to achieve fine equiaxed grain structure.Ī significant number of publications are related to the effects of vibration treatment on the solidification process during conventional casting 14, 15. It was shown 13 that it is necessary to control either the thermal gradients, cooling rates, and alloy composition, or to apply additional physical impact by external fields of various nature (e.g. This is primarily due to the specific features of the melt pool solidification process associated with high thermal gradients, high cooling rates, and the complexity of heating cycles in the melted and re-melted material 11, which lead to epitaxial grain growth and significant porosity 12, 13. However, despite the variety of AM process, including selective laser melting (SLM) 1, 2, 3, direct laser metal deposition 4, 5, 6, electron beam melting 7, 8 and others 9, 10, the manufactured parts may contain imperfections. Additive manufacturing (AM) of parts with complex shapes has been developing intensively in recent decades. ![]()
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